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Solaris System Administration Shell Commands
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Debugging
#########
cat -v -t -e [file]
/* Show non-printing characters */
dumpadm -d swap
/* Configure swap device as dump device */
ld -l
/* Check if you have a particular library */
truss -f -p
/* Using multiple windows, this can be used to trace setuid/setgid programs */
truss executable
/* Trace doing of given command ( useful debugging ) */
Disk Commands
#############
/bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom
/* Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM */
/usr/bin/iostat -E
/* Command to display drives statistics */
du -ad /var | sort -nr
/* Report the the disk used in /var in reverse order */
du -k .
/* Report disk usage in Kilobytes */
du -sk * | sort -nr | head
/* Shows the top ten largest files/directories */
du -sk *|sort -k1,1n
/* Reports total disk space used in Kilobytes in present directory */
du -sk .
/* Report total disk usage in Kilobytes */
fdformat -d -U
/* Format diskette */
newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
/* To view the superfblocks available */
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2
/* Disk geometry and partitioning info */
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
/* Copy partition table from one disk to another */
quot -af
/* How much space is used by users in kilobytes */
volrmmount -i floppy
/* Mount a floppy or other media easily by its nickname. */
Driver Parameters
#################
ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding
/* Show the ip_forwarding variable in the kernel */
ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1
/* Set the ip_forwarding variable in the kernel */
ndd /dev/ip \?
/* Show all IP variables set in the kernel */
File Manipulation
#################
dos2unix | -ascii
/* Converts DOS file formats to Unix */
fold -w 180
/* To break lines to have maximum char */
split [-linecount] [file]
/* Split files into pieces */
[vi] : %s/existing/new/g
/* Search and Replace text in vi */
[vi] :set list
/* Show non-printing characters in vi */
[vi] :set nu
/* Set line numbers in vi */
[vi] :set ts=[num]
/* Set tab stops in vi */
File System
###########
/sbin/uadmin x x
/* Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast */
awk ' END {print NR}' file_name
/* Display the Number of lines in a file */
cat /dev/null > filename
/* Zero's out the file without breaking pipe */
dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096
/* Make a mirror image of your boot disk */
df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount
/* Unmount all file systems in disk group dg */
fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check and repair a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0, using an alternate superblock */
fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0, repair any problems without prompting. */
fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0 */
gzip -d -c tarball.tgz | (cd /[dir];tar xf - ) &
/* Unpacking tarballs to diff location */
gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf -
/* Unpack .tar.gz files in place */
ln [-fhns]
/* Creating hard links and soft links */
ls -al | awk '$3 == "oracle" || $3 == "root" {print $9}'
/* List all file names by testing owner */
ls -l | sort +4n
/* List files by size */
ls -la | awk '{ print $5," ",$9 }' | sort -rn
/* File sizes of current directory */
ls -lR | awk '{total +=$5};END {print "Total size: " total/1024/1024 "MB" }'
/* Recursive directory size calculations in MB */
mkisofs -l -L -r -o [image-name].iso [directory]
/* Create an ISO image of a directory */
mount -F ufs -o rw,remount /
/* Used to remount root to make it writeable */
mount -o remount,logging /spare
/* Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging */
mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris
/* mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos */
mv [filename]{,.new_suffix}
/* Renaming file */
pax -rw . /newdir
/* Efficient alternative for copying directories */
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
/* Cloning Partitiontables */
rpm -q --queryformat '%{INSTALLPREFIX}\n' [packagename]
/* [Linux] Locate binaries */
tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -)
/* Recursively copy files and their permissions */
tar cvf filename.tar
/* Create a tape (tar) archive */
tar xvf filename.tar
/* Extract a tape (tar) archive */
X=$(wc -l < filename); echo $X
/* Count number of lines in a file into a variable (ksh) */
zcat
zcat [cpio file] | cpio -itmv
/* Show the contents of a compressed cpio */
File Transfer
#############
find . -depth | cpio -pdmv /path/tobe/copied/to
/* Fast alternative to cp -pr */
find . -follow | cpio -pdumL /path/tobe/copied/to
/* Copy with symbolic links to be followed */
get filename.suffix |"tar xf -"
/* Undocumented Feature of FTP */
ssh cd /some/directory \&\& tar cf - | ssh cd /some/direstory \&\& tar xvf -
/* Move any file(s) without actually touching them */
put "| tar cf - ." filename.tar
/* Undocumented Feature of FTP */
sendport
/* FTP command for transferring large numbers of files within the same control session */
General
########
/bin/printf '%d\n' '0x
/* Converts hexadecimal number to decimal. */
/usr/bin/catman -w
/* Create windex databases for man page directories */
FQ_FILENAME=
/* Extract directory from fully-qualified file name. */
mailx -H -u
/* List out mail headers for specified user */
ps -ef | grep -i $@
/* Access common commands quicker */
set filec
/* Set file-completion for csh */
uuencode [filename] [filename] | mailx -s "Subject" [user to mail]
/* Send files as attachments */
xauth -f /home/${LOGNAME} extract - ${DISPLAY} | xauth merge -
/* Allow root to xdisplay after su */
Hardware
########
cfgadm
/* Verify reconfigurable hardware resources */
m64config -depth 8|24
/* Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator */
m64config -prconf
/* Print M64 hardware configuration */
m64config -res 'video_mode'
/* Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator */
prtpicl -v | grep sync-speed
/* Discover SCSI sync speed */
Kernel
######
/usr/sbin/modinfo
/* Display kernel module information */
/usr/sbin/modload
/* Load a kernel module */
/usr/sbin/modunload -i
/* Unload a kernel module */
/usr/sbin/sysdef
/* Show system kernal tunable details */
nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more
/* Tuneable kernel parameters */
Memory
######
pagesize -a
/* Available page sizes for Solaris 9 */
prtconf | grep Mem
/* Display Memory Size of the local machine. */
Network Information
###################
arp -a
/* Ethernet address arp table */
arp -d myhost
/* Delete an ethernet address arp table entry */
lsof -iTCP@10.20.2.9
/* Display open files for internet address */
ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report
/* Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address */
netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l
/* Displays number active established connections to the localhost */
netstat -a | more
/* Show the state of all the sockets on a machine */
netstat -i
/* Show the state of the interfaces used for TCP/IP traffice */
netstat -k hme0
/* Undocumented netstat command */
netstat -np
/* Similar to arp -a without name resolution */
netstat -r
/* Show the state of the network routing table for TCP/IP traffic */
netstat -rn
/* Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup. */
snoop -S -ta [machine]
/* Snoop for network packets and get size and time stamp entries. */
traceroute
/* Follow the route to the ipaddress */
Network Tuning
##############
/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx
/* Virtual Interfaces */
/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up
/* Bring virtual interface up */
/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1
/* Nailling to 100Mbps */
ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255
/* Add an Interface */
ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500
/* Change MTU of interface */
ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192
/* To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses. */
ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535
/* Increase TCP-receivebuffers on Sol2.5.1 systems with 100BaseTx */
ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535
/* Increase TCP-transmitbuffers on Sol2.5.1 systems with 100BaseTx */
Processes
#########
/usr/proc/bin/ptree
/* Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process */
/usr/proc/bin/pwdx
/* Print the working directory of a process */
/usr/ucb/ps -aux | more
/* Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order */
/usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep
/* Gives the full listing of the process (long listing) */
fuser -uc /var
/* Processes that are running from /var */
ipcs
/* Report inter-process communication facilities status */
kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep [p]roccess | awk '{print $2}'`
/* HUP any related process in one step */
lsof -i TCP:25
/* Mapping port with process */
pfiles
/* Shows processes' current open files */
pkill -n
/* Kill a process by name */
prstat -a
/* An alternative for top command */
ps -edf -o pcpu,pid,user,args
/* Nicely formatted 'ps' */
ps -ef | grep -i
/* Creates list of running PID by
ps -ef | grep -i
/* Creates list of running PID by */
ps -ef | grep
/* Find and kill all instances of a given process */
ps -ef | more
/* Show all processes running */
ps -ef|grep -v "0:00"|more
/* Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00 */
ps -eo pid,args
/* List processes in simplified format */
ps -fu oracle|grep pmon
/* See which instances of Oracle are running */
top -b 1
/* Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits */
Resource Management
###################
/usr/bin/ldd [filename]
/* List the dynamic dependencies of executable files */
/usr/proc/bin/pmap pid
/* Report address space map a process occupies */
Route Configuration
###################
route add net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 1
/* Add a route to the routing table */
route change 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.5
/* Changes the destination address for a route */
route delete net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6
/* Delete a route from the routing table */
route flush
/* Flush the routing table, which will remove all entries */
route get [hostname]
/* Which interface will be used to contact hostname */
route monitor
/* Monitor routing table lookup misses and changes */
Searching Items
###############
egrep "patterna|patternb"
/* Search for multiple patterns within the same file */
find
/* Recursively finds files by name and automatically removes them */
find . -type f -print | xargs grep -i [PATTERN]
/* Recursive grep on files */
find . ! -mtime -
/* Finds and removes files older than
find . -exec egrep -li "str" {} \;
/* Find a string in files starting cwd */
find . -mtime -1 -type f
/* Find recently modified files */
find . -type f -exec grep "
/* Find files (and content) containing
find . -type f -exec grep -l "
/* Find files (and content) containing
find ./ \! -type f -exec ls -l {} \;|grep -v '^[l|p|s|-]'|grep -v 'total' | wc -l
/* Find number of directories under the current directory */
find / -fstype nfs -prune -o fstype autofs -prune -o -name filename -print
/* find without traversing NFS mounted file systems */
find / -mtime <# of days>
/* Find files modified during the past # of days */
find / -perm -2 -a ! -type l
/* Find files writable by 'others' */
find / -type f |xargs ls -s | sort -rn |more
/* List files taking up the most system space */
find / -user
/* Find all files owned by
find / | grep [file mask]
/* Fast way to search for files */
find /proc/*/fd -links 0 -type f -size +2000 -ls
/* Find large files moved or deleted and held open by a process */
grep
/* Find which package contains a particular file */
ls -lR | grep
/* Fast alternative to find. */
Security
########
crypt
/* Decrypting a file that has been encrypted */
crypt
/* File encryption with crypt */
echo 'Please go away' > /etc/nologin
/* Stops users logging in */
find / -perm -0777 -type d -ls
/* Find all your writable directories */
find / -type f -perm -2000 -print
/* Find all SGID files */
find / -type f -perm -4000 -print
/* find all SUID files */
trap 'exit 0' 1 2 3 9 15
/* Trap specific signals and exit */
vi -x [filename]
/* Encrypt a file with vi editor */
Setting Term Options
#####################
stty erase ^?
/* Set the delete key to delete a character */
stty erase ^H
/* Set the backspace to delete a character */
stty sane
/* Reset terminal after viewing a binary file. */
tput rmacs
/* Reset to standard char set */
Snoop
#####
snoop -d pcelx0
/* Watch all the packets on a device */
snoop -i /tmp/mylog -o /tmp/newlog host1
/* Filter out all the host1 packets and write them to a new logfile */
snoop -i /tmp/mylog -v -p101
/* Show verbose info on packet number 101 in the logfile */
snoop -i /tmp/mylog host1 host2
/* View packets from a logfile between hosts1 and host2 */
snoop -o /tmp/mylog pcelx0
/* Save all the packets from a device to a logfile */
snoop -s 120
/* Return the first 120 bytes in the packet header */
snoop -v arp
/* Capture arp broadcasts on your network */
snoop port [port-number]
/* Monitor particular port for traffic */
Swap Files
##########
mkfile -nv 10m /export/disk1/myswap
/* Makes an empty 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */
mkfile -v 10m /export/disk1/myswap
/* Makes a 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */
Swap Space
##########
swap -a /export/disk1/swapfile
/* Add a swap file */
swap -d /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4
/* Delete a swap device */
swap -l
/* List the current swap devices */
swap -s
/* List the amount of swap space available */
System Configuration
####################
/usr/sbin/eeprom auto-boot? false
/* Changes eeprom autoboot? setting without going to Ok prompt */
/usr/sbin/eeprom diag-switch? true
/* Set the system to perform diagnostics on the next reboot. */
/usr/sbin/eeprom local-mac-address?=true
/* Multiple Port Network Card Setting */
/usr/sbin/grpck
/* Check /etc/group file syntax */
/usr/sbin/pwck
/* Check /etc/passwd file syntax */
/usr/sbin/sys-unconfig
/* Clear host specific network configuration information */
/usr/sbin/useradd
/* Add a new user to the system */
drvconfig ; disks
/* Adding hot-plug disks to system */
System Information/Monitoring
#############################
/bin/echo "0t${stamp}>Y\n
/usr/platform/`/bin/uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v
/* System Diagnostics */
/usr/sbin/eeprom
/* Show eeprom parameters */
/usr/sbin/prtconf -vp
/* Show system configuration details */
coreadm -e log
/* Report global core */
grep "\-root" /var/adm/sulog | grep -v \+ | tail -25
/* List most recent attempts to switch to superuser account. */
isainfo -bv
/* Quickly checkout if machine is in 32 or 64 bit mode */
last
/* Tells who was or still is on the system */
logger -i
/* Log the process ID */
prtconf -pv | grep banner-name |awk -F\' ' { print $2 } ' | head -1
/* Show actual model name of machine */
prtpicl -v | grep wwn
/* A command to find persistent binding of storage */
psradm -f [processor id]
/* Take processor offline */
psrinfo | wc -l
/* Display number of processors */
sar -u
/* Report CPU Utilization */
sar [ -aA ] [ -o filename ] t [ n ]
/* Provides cumulative reports about system activity. */
telnet
/* Get the time on remote Unix machine */
uname -a
/* Displays system information */
uname -X
/* Displays system information */
vmstat 10
/* Displays summary of what the system is doing every 10 seconds */
vmstat -p
/* to determine what kind of memory demand was causing a system to page */
who -b
/* Displays the date of the last system reboot. */
ypcat hosts | sort -n -t. +0 -1 +1 -2 +2 -3 +3 -4
/* Take the input of "ypcat hosts" or "cat /etc/inet/hosts" and sort by IP. */
Big changes ahead
3 years ago
